The paper analyses five scenarios for the design of EU energy policy, in particular to promote the energy transition. A technology model is used to simulate the ramp-up of the various renewable technologies and the EU energy system. Costs and investments are transferred to two dynamic macroeconomic models, including the ASTRA-EU model from M-Five. These determine the net economic effects, i.e. the winners and losers of the analysed energy transformation. By 2030, emissions of up to 1040 Mt of CO2 and the import of 140 Mtoe of fossil fuels can be saved. The European economy will develop neutrally to moderately positively as a result of the energy policy.