The transport sector is to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 48% by 2030. Alternative fuels can make a contribution to GHG reduction in transport. The potentials and fuels differ for the various modes of transport. The production and availability of alternative fuels depend heavily on regulation. Under the leadership of the Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics (IUE), this background paper analyses the regulatory framework and the potential of biogenic and electricity-based alternative fuels.